A United Nations report has revealed nearly a quarter of men
surveyed in the Asia-Pacific region say they've raped a woman at least once in
their life.
The study is based on anonymous interviews with more than 10,000 men aged
between 18 and 49-years-old in Bangladesh, China, Cambodia, Indonesia, Sri
Lanka and Papua New Guinea.
49-years-old in Bangladesh, China, Cambodia, Indonesia, Sri Lanka and Papua
New Guinea.
- One of the report's authors, Dr Emma Fulu, has told Asia Pacific the figures are shocking, but not necessarily surprising.
- "I think this study reaffirms perhaps what we have known by interviewing women in the past," she said.
- "What's new about this study is that it tells us for the first time, by speaking to men, about what some of the underlying causes are of that violence."
- Around the region, 11 per cent of respondents reported having raped a woman who was not their partner and nearly a quarter - 24 per cent - when their partner was included.
- Of those men who said they had committed rape, just under half (45 per cent) said they had raped more than one woman.
- Roberta Clarke, regional director of UN Women, says the survey highlights the need for a change in culture.
- "Violence against women is a harsh reality for many," she said.
- "We must change the culture that enables men to enact power and control over women."
The highest prevalence of rape was found in Bougainville, in Papua New
Guinea, which may be linked to the decade long civil war on the island.
Esther Igo, organiser of PNG's Haus Krai anti-violence protests, has told Pacific
Beat the figures in the survey feel real.
"It is not surprising," she said.
"If you read in the papers, every day there is rape in one part of the
country, and there may be violence in one part of the country because of the
Bougainville issue, but then it's also similar in other parts of the country.
- "So I'm not sure whether it's the violence, but I think it's just the mindset."
- Ms Igo says the situation appears to be getting worse, with increasing rapes and violence against women.
- "Men think that women are there for one thing," she said.
- "We've got so many groups that are out there voicing concerns, leaders coming out in the paper, putting out programs [but] it doesn't seem to deter these views that men have of women...and these acts that they do towards women, and it's getting ridiculous.
- Until now, research has depended mainly on crime reports, which may be sketchy or skewed, or on accounts by women rather than by men.
Taking a new approach, trained male researchers held lengthy one-to-one
interviews with men in cities and the countryside, with the respondents gaining
a guarantee of anonymity.
The respondents were not asked directly whether they had committed rape, but
instead were asked questions such as "Have you ever forced a woman who was
not your wife or girlfriend at the time to have sex?" or "Have you
ever had sex with a woman who was too drugged or drunk to indicate whether she
wanted it?" They were also asked why they had done so.
Nearly three-quarters of respondents indicated reasons of sexual entitlement, saying for example, "I wanted her" or "I wanted to have sex."
Nearly three-quarters of respondents indicated reasons of sexual entitlement, saying for example, "I wanted her" or "I wanted to have sex."
- Fifty-nine per cent did it for entertainment, while more than a third - 38 per cent - said they had raped a woman to punish her.
- Of those who admitted rape, half were teenagers and 12 per cent were younger than 15-years-old, while the majority of men surveyed said they had not faced any legal consequences for their actions.
- In addition, it found men who had witnessed violence against their mothers or frequently paid for sex were more likely to continue the cycle of violence, she added.
- In the Indonesian province of Papua the rates were at nearly 49 per cent, while 26 per cent of respondents in Jakarta admitted to the crime.
- Rates in the one Chinese area surveyed reached 22 per cent while those in Cambodia were at 20 per cent.
- The report's authors say it is not intended to be an authoritative statistical overview of rape in these six countries or of the Asia-Pacific region.
Report researcher Emma Fulu of Partners for Prevention says the pattern can
be broken.
"As well as a criminal justice response, we really need to start
working towards trying to stop violence before it happens in the first
place," she said.
"That's a longer term project of working to change attitudes and
beliefs and practices, particularly among young boys."
The study was released on the same day that a court in India found four men guilty of gang-raping and murdering a student
on a bus last December.
Her shocking death turned a spotlight on sexual violence, raising questions
about what can prompt some men to accept rape or perpetrate it themselves.
Source; ABC
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